Fabrican una retina en ‘miniatura’ a partir de células madre humanas
begisare.org/fabrican-una-retina-en-miniatura-a-partir-de-celulas-madre-humanas/
hwww.abc.es/
El nuevo miniórgano tiene la organización arquitectónica de la retina y también la capacidad de percibir la luz
X. ZHONG. C. GUTIERREZ AND M.V. CANTO-SOLER AT THE WILMER EYE INSTITUTE, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
Crean retina a partir de células madre
No es una retina, pero casi. Se trata de un tejido en 3D de retina humana creado a partir de células madre en el laboratorio y que posee células fotorreceptoras capaces de responder a la luz, el primer paso en el proceso de conversión en imágenes visuales. Lo acaba de lograr un equipo de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Johns Hopkins (EE.UU.) y puede servir para estudiar y, en el futuro, tratar y curar muchas enfermedades oculares relacionadas con la pérdida de visión por lesiones en la retina. «Básicamente hemos creado una retina humana en miniatura en un plato de laboratorio que no sólo tiene la organización arquitectónica de la retina, sino también la capacidad de percibir la luz», explica la coordinadora del estudio, M. Valeria Canto-Soler.
Al igual que muchos procesos en el cuerpo, la visión depende de distintos tipos de células que trabajan coordinadas y, en este caso concreto, se encargan de convertir la luz en algo que pueda ser reconocido por el cerebro como una imagen. Ahora bien, la investigadora advierte que los fotorreceptores son sólo «una parte de la historia del complejo proceso de la visión» en el que están implicados el cerebro y los ojos, y su laboratorio aún no ha recreado todas las funciones del ojo humano y su relación con la corteza visual del cerebro. La cuestión es, «¿puede nuestra retina en miniatura producir una señal visual que el cerebro pueda interpretar como una imagen? Probablemente no, pero este es un buen comienzo», asegura.
El prototipo de retina se ha fabricado a partir de células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPS) humanas y podría, en el futuro, conducir a la ingeniería genética para el trasplante de células de la retina que podríandetener o incluso revertir la progresión de un paciente hacia la ceguera por una lesión en la retina.
Células progenitoras
Las posibilidades de las células iPS en el medicina regenerativa siguen en fase de experimentación, aunque ya hay resultados prometedores en algunos campos, como el cardiovascular. Las células iPS son células adultas que han sido reprogramadas genéticamente a su estado más primitivo y que, bajo circunstancias muy concretas y precisas, pueden desarrollarse en la mayoría o todos los tipos de células del organismo humano. En este caso, el equipo de la Universidad Johns Hopkins las reprogramó para que se convirtieran en células progenitoras de la retina cuya función es formar el tejido de la retina sensible a la luz que recubre la parte posterior del ojo.
El equipo de Canto-Soler empleó una sencilla técnica para fomentar el crecimiento de las células progenitoras de la retina. Así comprobaron el crecimiento correcto de las células de la retina y de los tejidos. Dicho desarrollo, señala el investigador Zhong Xiufeng, se correspondía en el tiempo y la duración del desarrollo de la retina en un feto humano en el útero. Además, añade, los fotorreceptores estaban lo suficientemente maduros como para desarrollar segmentos exteriores, una estructura esencial de los fotorreceptores para su funcionamiento.
El tejido de la retina es muy complejo; contiene siete tipos principales de células, incluyendo seis tipos de neuronas, que están organizadas en capas de células específicas que absorben y procesan la luz, son capaces de ‘ver’ y transmiten estas señales visuales al cerebro para que éste las interprete. Las retinas en miniatura fabricadas en el laboratorio de Canto-Soler recreaban la arquitectura tridimensional de la retina humana. «Sabíamos que era necesario generar una estructura celular en 3-D si queríamos reproducir las características funcionales de la retina», afirma Canto-Soler; sin embargo, «cuando comenzamos este trabajo no pensábamos que las células madre podrían acumularse en una retina casi por su propia cuenta. De alguna manera, las células sabían qué hacer».
Los fotorreceptores cultivados en el laboratorio respondieron a la luz de la misma forma que lo hace la retina
Cuando el tejido de la retina se hallaba en una fase equivalente a las 28 semanas de desarrollo en el útero materno, con los fotorreceptores bastante maduros, los investigadores probaron la ‘mini-retinas’ para ver si los fotorreceptores eran capaces de sentir la luz y de transformarla en señales visuales. Para ello, explican en el artículo que se publica en «Nature Communications», colocaron un electrodo en una sola celda de fotorreceptores y administraron posteriormente un ‘pulso’ de luz en la célula, que provocaba una reacción similar a un patrón bioquímico del comportamiento de los fotorreceptores en las personas cuando se exponen a la luz. En esta ocasión, señala la investigadora, los fotorreceptores cultivados en el laboratorio respondieron a la luz de la misma forma que lo hace la retina.
Retinitis pigmentosa
El trabajo es importante porque este sistema ofrece la posibilidad de generar cientos de mini-retinas a la vez directamente de una persona afectada por una enfermedad de la retina, como la retinitis pigmentosa. Esto, subraya Canto-Soler- proporciona un sistema biológico único para estudiar la causa de enfermedades de la retina directamente en el tejido humano, en lugar de basarse en modelos animales. «El sistema –añade- abre un abanico de posibilidades para la medicina personalizada, como probar fármacos para tratar estas enfermedades de una manera específica para cada paciente. A largo plazo, el potencial también estaría en reemplazar el tejido retiniano enfermo o muerto con material de laboratorio fabricado con el fin de crecido restaurar la visión».
URL: www.abc.es
I have read your article carefully and I agree with you very much. This has provided a great help for my thesis writing, and I will seriously improve it. However, I don’t know much about a certain place. Can you help me?
I am a website designer. Recently, I am designing a website template about gate.io. The boss’s requirements are very strange, which makes me very difficult. I have consulted many websites, and later I discovered your blog, which is the style I hope to need. thank you very much. Would you allow me to use your blog style as a reference? thank you!
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good. https://accounts.binance.com/fr/register-person?ref=VDVEQ78S
It’s going to be finish of mine day, except before finish I am reading this wonderful piece of writing to increase my knowledge.
Magnificent site. A lot of useful information here. I’m sending it to some pals ans also sharing in delicious. And of course, thank you on your effort!
You can definitely see your enthusiasm in the article you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to mention how they believe. Always go after your heart.
I will right away take hold of your rss as I can not in finding your email subscription link or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please permit me understand so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.
Excellent post. I used to be checking continuously this blog and I am inspired! Very useful information specially the ultimate part 🙂 I maintain such info a lot. I used to be seeking this particular info for a long timelong time. Thank you and good luck.
Incredible! This blog looks exactly like my old one! It’s on a completely different topic but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Outstanding choice of colors!
I’m not sure where you are getting your info, but good topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for great information I was looking for this information for my mission.
I really like it when people come together and share thoughts. Great blog, keep it up!
Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and help others like you helped me.
Very quickly this site will be famous among all blogging and site-building users, due to it’s good articles
I love what you guys are usually up too. This sort of clever work and exposure! Keep up the amazing works guys I’ve you guys to our blogroll.
I have been surfing online more than three hours lately, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty value enough for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the net shall be much more useful than ever before.
Hello there, I think your site may be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your site in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in IE, it has some overlapping issues. I simply wanted to give you a quick heads up! Besides that, great blog!
Hurrah! At last I got a webpage from where I can in fact get useful information regarding my study and knowledge.
I think the admin of this web site is really working hard in favor of his web site, as here every stuff is quality based stuff.
Hello there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it is really informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels. I will appreciate if you continue this in future. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Either way keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see a nice blog like this one nowadays.
Hello, I log on to your blogs daily. Your story-telling style is awesome, keep doing what you’re doing!
Hey there just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading correctly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different internet browsers and both show the same results.
hi!,I love your writing so much! percentage we keep up a correspondence more approximately your post on AOL? I need an expert in this space to solve my problem. May be that is you! Looking forward to peer you.
Undeniably consider that that you stated. Your favourite justification appeared to be at the net the simplest thing to take into account of. I say to you, I definitely get irked whilst other folks consider concerns that they plainly do not realize about. You controlled to hit the nail upon the top as smartlyand also defined out the whole thing with no need side effect , other folks can take a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thank you
Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of this website. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s challenging to get that «perfect balance» between superb usability and visual appearance. I must say that you’ve done a excellent job with this. In addition, the blog loads extremely fast for me on Safari. Outstanding Blog!
Hi there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re working with? I’m planning to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having a tough time making a decision between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design and style seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique. P.S My apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!
Hi there, I enjoy reading all of your article. I like to write a little comment to support you.
I simply could not depart your web site prior to suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard information a person supply on your visitors? Is going to be back frequently in order to check up on new posts
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your site? My blog site is in the very same area of interest as yours and my visitors would truly benefit from a lot of the information you present here. Please let me know if this alright with you. Thank you!
Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve been to this web site before but after going through some of the posts I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m definitely pleased I came across it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back frequently!
What’s up, all is going fine here and ofcourse every one is sharing information, that’s truly good, keep up writing.
I believe what you postedwrotesaidbelieve what you postedtypedsaidthink what you postedtypedthink what you postedwroteWhat you postedwrote was very logicala lot of sense. But, what about this?consider this, what if you were to write a killer headlinetitle?content?wrote a catchier title? I ain’t saying your content isn’t good.ain’t saying your content isn’t gooddon’t want to tell you how to run your blog, but what if you added a titleheadlinetitle that grabbed people’s attention?maybe get people’s attention?want more? I mean %BLOG_TITLE% is a little plain. You ought to look at Yahoo’s home page and watch how they createwrite post headlines to get viewers interested. You might add a related video or a related picture or two to get readers interested about what you’ve written. Just my opinion, it could bring your postsblog a little livelier.
You can definitely see your expertise in the article you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to mention how they believe. All the time go after your heart.
Magnificent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff prior to and you’re simply too fantastic. I really like what you’ve got here, really like what you’re stating and the best way through which you are saying it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of to stay it sensible. I cant wait to read far more from you. This is actually a terrific website.
Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the images on this blog loading? I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
This website definitely has all of the info I wanted about this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
What’s up everybody, here every one is sharing such experience, so it’s good to read this blog, and I used to pay a visit this blog daily.
What’s up to every one, it’s really a good for me to pay a visit this website, it contains helpful Information.
I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here. The sketch is tasteful, your authored subject matter stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an edginess over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this increase.
ГГУ имени Ф.Скорины
hey there and thank you for your information I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right here. I did however expertise some technical issues using this site, since I experienced to reload the site a lot of times previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will very frequently affect your placement in google and can damage your quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and can look out for a lot more of your respective intriguing content. Make sure you update this again soon.
Hi! Quick question that’s completely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My blog looks weird when viewing from my iphone. I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to fix this problem. If you have any suggestions, please share. Thank you!
Fantastic beat ! I wish to apprentice at the same time as you amend your site, how can i subscribe for a blog web site? The account aided me a appropriate deal. I were tiny bit familiar of this your broadcast provided bright transparent concept
Heya! I realize this is kind of off-topic but I had to ask. Does building a well-established blog like yours take a massive amount work? I’m completely new to blogging but I do write in my diary on a daily basis. I’d like to start a blog so I can share my own experience and views online. Please let me know if you have any ideas or tips for new aspiring bloggers. Appreciate it!
Tremendous things here. I’m very satisfied to peer your article. Thank you so much and I’m taking a look forward to touch you. Will you please drop me a mail?
Marvelous, what a blog it is! This webpage gives useful data to us, keep it up.
Hello there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it is really informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels. I will appreciate if you continue this in future. Many people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
What i do not realize is in fact how you’re now not really a lot more well-liked than you may be right now. You are so intelligent. You realize therefore significantly on the subject of this topic, produced me for my part believe it from so many various angles. Its like men and women don’t seem to be fascinated unless it’s something to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your personal stuffs great. All the time take care of it up!
Hi there friends, how is everything, and what you wish for to say regarding this piece of writing, in my view its really awesome designed for me.
Heya just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading correctly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different internet browsers and both show the same results.
1Хотите собственное дело с низкими инвестициями? Попробуйте автомойку самообслуживания под ключ – новый формат быстрой очистки автомобилей.
Howdy! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this site? I’m getting fed up of WordPress because I’ve had issues with hackers and I’m looking at options for another platform. I would be awesome if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.
I like this web blog very much, Its a really nice berth to read and find info.Raise your business