Investigadores de la UMH desarrollan un método para tratar enfermedades oculares con material genético

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Un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) de Elche (Alicante), en colaboración con profesores de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV), han desarrollado una metodología para tratar mediante material genético enfermedades oculares como la retinosis pigmentaria, la degeneración macular, la retinosquisis o la amaurosis congénita de Leber, según ha informado en un comunicado la institución académica.

   El profesor de la UMH y director de la cátedra Egara, Eduardo Fernández, lidera la investigación, que se realiza en colaboración con el grupo de la profesora de la UPV, Alicia Rodríguez. Además, Fernández es investigador del Instituto de Bioingeniería de la UMH y del Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN).

   Los investigadores han indicado que «la única forma efectiva de llevar material genético al interior de las células –para tratar de corregir problemas genéticos– es utilizar un virus específicamente diseñado para esta tarea», sin embargo, esta aproximación presenta algunos problemas de seguridad «y una gran limitación en cuanto al tamaño del material genético a transportar».

   El objetivo principal de esta línea de trabajo conjunta entre la Cátedra de Investigación Bidons Egara de la UMH y el Laboratorio de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica de la UPV ha sido «el desarrollo de nuevos vectores no virales para transportar material genético al interior de diversos tipos de células de la retina».

   Con ello, «se pretende modular la expresión de varias proteínas que se pueden encontrar alteradas en diversas patologías de la retina» con el objetivo de poder revertir el problema, «al menos parcialmente», han subrayado.

   Para tal fin, los investigadores han utilizado nanopartículas sólidas lipídicas que han sido modificadas especialmente para facilitar su incorporación a las células de la retina y que, además, incorporan moléculas directoras que permiten llevar estas nanopartículas directamente hacia el núcleo celular.

   Esta nueva tecnología se ha probado con éxito en animales de investigación en experimentos realizados ‘in vitro’ e ‘in vivo’, y los investigadores han advertido de que, «aunque los resultados preliminares son muy prometedores, todavía queda mucho trabajo por hacer».

   Además, han señalado que «es muy importante avanzar poco a poco y no crear falsas expectativas», ya que todavía «no se sabe si la transfección se mantiene durante largos periodos de tiempo, algo fundamental para que este tipo de terapia génica sea un tratamiento efectivo para este grupo de enfermedades».

RECONOCIMIENTO INTERNACIONAL

   Este trabajo ha sido publicado en el último número de la revista ‘Human Gene Therapy’, y desde el departamento de Genética del Instituto de Oftalmología del University College de Londres han calificado la investigación como «una de las líneas de trabajo más prometedoras en este campo». La Cátedra de Investigación Bidons Egara de la UMH apoya la investigación, la formación universitaria y la difusión del conocimiento de las patologías visuales en general y de la retinosis pigmentaria en particular.

   Desde su creación en el año 2005, mediante el apoyo y mecenazgo de la Empresa Bidons Egara de Terrasa (Barcelona), su principal objetivo se centra en ayudar a identificar los mecanismos comunes que se encuentran en muchas de las patologías degenerativas de la retina y en potenciar el apoyo científico y técnico a estas investigaciones. El fin del proyecto es contribuir al desarrollo de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas que puedan ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas por estas enfermedades.

Fuente: Europapress

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